784 and Level 3

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment

If you know the multiplication facts up to 12 x 12, then it is obvious that 784 is divisible by 7. However, 784 is divisible by a whole lot more numbers than that. 784 can actually be evenly divided by 15 different numbers. Hmm, 15, that’s an odd number. A number’s factors always come in pairs. One of its factor pairs must contain the same factor twice, meaning 784 is a perfect square!

  • 784 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 784 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 x 7, which can be written 784 = (2^4) x (7^2)
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 4 and 2. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (4 + 1)(2 + 1) = 5 x 3 = 15. Therefore 784 has exactly 15 factors.
  • Factors of 784: 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 28, 49, 56, 98, 112, 196, 392, 784
  • Factor pairs: 784 = 1 x 784, 2 x 392, 4 x 196, 7 x 112, 8 x 98, 14 x 56, 16 x 49, or 28 x 28
  • 784 is a perfect square. √784 = 28

784-factor-pairs

But that’s not the only thing remarkable about this perfect square: √784 is 28, the 7th triangular number, so like all other squared triangular numbers 784 has this additional property:

784-sum-of-consecutive-cubes

Just as 784 is a perfect square, five of the twelve clues in today’s puzzle are also perfect squares. But don’t let that fact trick you into writing the same factor in both the first column and the top row every time!

784-puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 12-factors-782-787

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Here’s more about the number 784:

784 can be written as the sum of three squares in exactly one way:

  • 24² + 12² + 8² = 784

784 is also a palindrome in Bases 13, 17, and 27:

  • 484 BASE 13; note that 4(169) + 8(13) + 4(1) = 784
  • 2C2 BASE 17 (C is 12 base 10); note that 2(289) + 12(17) + 2(1) = 784
  • 121 BASE 27; note that 1(27²) + 2(27) + 1(1) = 784

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784-factors

 

 

783 and Level 2

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 783 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 783 = 3 x 3 x 3 x 29, which can be written 783 = (3^3) x 29
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 3 and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (3 + 1)(1 + 1) = 4 x 2 = 8. Therefore 783 has exactly 8 factors.
  • Factors of 783: 1, 3, 9, 27, 29, 87, 261, 783
  • Factor pairs: 783 = 1 x 783, 3 x 261, 9 x 87, or 27 x 29
  • Taking the factor pair with the largest square number factor, we get √783 = (√9)(√87) = 3√87 ≈ 27.982137.

783-factor-pairs

Here’s today’s puzzle. It’s a level 2 so it isn’t very difficult:

783-puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 12-factors-782-787

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27 x 29 = 783. Since (n – 1)(n + 1) always equals n² – 1, we know that 783 is one number away from the next perfect square.

29 is a factor of 783, making 783 the hypotenuse of a Pythagorean triple:

  • 540-567-783, which is 27 times 20-21-29.
  • Thus 540² + 567² = 783² just as 20² + 21² = 29².

783 is also a palindrome in bases 15, 23, and 28:

  • 373 BASE 15; note that 3(225) + 7(15) + 3(1) = 783
  • 1B1 BASE 23 (B is 11 base 10); note that 1(23²) + 11(23) + 1(1) = 783
  • RR BASE 28 (R is 27 base 10); note that 27(28) + 27 = 783

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783-factors

782 and Level 1

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 782 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 782 = 2 x 17 x 23
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, 1, and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8. Therefore 782 has exactly 8 factors.
  • Factors of 782: 1, 2, 17, 23, 34, 46, 391, 782
  • Factor pairs: 782 = 1 x 782, 2 x 391, 17 x 46, or 23 x 34
  • 782 has no square factors that allow its square root to be simplified. √782 ≈ 27.96426.

782-factor-pairs

Here’s today’s puzzle:

782-puzzle

 Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 12-factors-782-787

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Here’s some more information about the number 782:

OEIS.org informs us that the sum of the factors of 782 is not only a perfect square number but also a perfect 4th power.

Specifically, 1 + 2 + 17 + 23 + 34 + 46 + 391 + 782 = 1296, which happens to be 6^4.

23 is one of the factors of 782, and here are three interesting number facts about the number 782 that involve the number 23:

  • 23 + 24 + 25 + 26 + 27 + 28 + 29 + 30 + 31 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 + 36 + 37 + 38 + 39 + 40 + 41 + 42 + 43 + 44 + 45 = 782. (That’s 23 consecutive numbers beginning with the number 23.)
  • 782 is the 23rd pentagonal number because 23(3⋅23 – 1)/2 = 782.
  • 782 is palindrome NN in BASE 33. (N is 23 base 10.) Note that 23(33) + 23(1) = 782

Because 17 is one of its factors, 782 is the hypotenuse of Pythagorean triple 368-690-782.

Thus, 368² + 690² = 782².

Also since 17 x 46 = 782, the greatest common factor of 368, 690 and 782 is 46.

782 is also the sum of three squares six different ways:

  • 27² + 7² + 2² = 782
  • 26² + 9² + 5² = 782
  • 25² + 11² + 6² = 782
  • 22² + 17² + 3² = 782
  • 19² + 15² + 14² = 782
  • 18² + 17² + 13² = 782

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782-factors

781 and Level 6

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 781 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 781 = 11 x 71
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1 and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 x 2 = 4. Therefore 781 has exactly 4 factors.
  • Factors of 781: 1, 11, 71, 781
  • Factor pairs: 781 = 1 x 781 or 11 x 71
  • 781 has no square factors that allow its square root to be simplified. √781 ≈ 27.94637722.

781-factor-pairs

Can you solve today’s puzzle?

781-puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 10-factors-2016

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Here’s more about the number 781:

781 is the sum of the 19 prime numbers from 7 to 79.

Thus 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41 + 43 + 47 + 53 + 59 + 61 + 67 + 71 + 73 + 79 = 781

781 is a repdigit in base 5 and a palindrome in three other bases:

  • 11111 BASE 5. Note that 625 + 125 + 25 + 5 + 1 = 781.
  • 232 BASE 19. Note that 2(19²) + 3(19) + 2(1) = 781
  • 1J1 BASE 20, J = 19 base 10. Note that 1(20²) + 19(20) + 1(1) = 781
  • 141 BASE 26. Note that 1(26²) + 4(26) + 1(1) = 781

781 is also the sum of three squares five ways

  • 27² + 6² + 4² = 781
  • 24² + 14² + 3² = 781
  • 24² + 13² + 6² = 781
  • 21² + 18² + 4² = 781
  • 21² + 14² + 12² = 781

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781-logic

780 is the 39th Triangular Number

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 780 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 780 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 13, which can be written 780 = (2^2) x 3 x 5 x 13
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 2, 1, 1, and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (2 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 = 24. Therefore 780 has exactly 24 factors.
  • Factors of 780: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 15, 20, 26, 30, 39, 52, 60, 65, 78, 130, 156, 195, 260, 390, 780
  • Factor pairs: 780 = 1 x 780, 2 x 390, 3 x 260, 4 x 195, 5 x 156, 6 x 130, 10 x 78, 12 x 65, 13 x 60, 15 x 52, 20 x 39, or 26 x 30
  • Taking the factor pair with the largest square number factor, we get √780 = (√4)(√195) = 2√195 ≈ 27.92848.

780-factor-pairs

There are MANY ways to make factor trees for 780. Here are just three of them:

780 Factor Trees

OEIS.org informs us that (7 + 5)(8 + 5)(0 + 5) = 780.

780 is the sum of consecutive prime numbers two different ways:

  • 59 + 61 + 67 + 71 + 73 + 79 + 83 + 89 + 97 + 101 = 780 (10 consecutive primes).
  • 191 + 193 + 197 + 199 = 780 (4 of my favorite consecutive primes).

26 and 30 are both exactly 2 numbers away from their average 28, so 780 can be written as the difference of two squares:

780 = 26 x 30 = (28 – 2)(28 + 2) = 28² – 2² = 784 – 4.

(It can be written as the difference of two squares three other ways, but I won’t list them here.)

Because 5 and 13 are both factors of 780, it is the hypotenuse of FOUR Pythagorean triangles making each of these equations true:

  • 192² + 756² = 780²
  • 300² + 720² = 780²
  • 396² + 672² = 780²
  • 468² + 624² = 780²

780 can be written as the sum of three perfect squares two different ways:

  • 26² + 10² + 2² = 780
  • 22² + 14² + 10² = 780

780 BASE 10 is palindrome QQ BASE 29. (Q is 26 in BASE 10.) Note that 26(29) + 26(1) = 780.

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19 + 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + 26 + 27 + 28 + 29 + 30 + 31 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 35 + 36 + 37 + 38 + 39 = 780, making 780 the 39th triangular number. Since 20 is in the exact middle of that list of numbers, 780 is also the 20th hexagonal number.

Triangular numbers are interesting, but are they good for anything? Here’s one good thing:

Count the Terms of Sums Squared

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. 39 variables would use the alphabet exactly one and one half times, but that’s okay because we can use upper case letters the second time around:

(a + b + c + . . . + x + y+ z + A + B + C + . . . + K + L + M)² has exactly 780 terms because it has 39 single variables, and 780 is the 39th triangular number.

780 is the 39th triangular number because 39⋅40/2 = 780.

A couple of months ago I saw a fascinating image on twitter. It is a square made with 1001 dots representing the numbers from -500 to +500 with zero in the exact middle. The triangular numbers are represented by the “+” pattern seen here. If we added about 600 more dots to the square, -780 and +780 would also lie on that +.

//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js

Half of all triangular numbers are also hexagonal numbers. If there were enough dots, then -780 and +780 would also be among the dots forming the “-” pattern representing the hexagonal numbers. 780 is the 20th hexagonal number because 20(2⋅20-1) = 780.

 

Can You See How 779’s Factor Pairs Are Hiding in Some Pythagorean Triples?

/ ivasallay / 2 Comments
  • 779 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 779 = 19 x 41
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1 and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 x 2 = 4. Therefore 779 has exactly 4 factors.
  • Factors of 779: 1, 19, 41, 779
  • Factor pairs: 779 = 1 x 779 or 19 x 41
  • 779 has no square factors that allow its square root to be simplified. √779 ≈ 27.91057.

779-factor-pairs

Those factor pairs are hiding in some Pythagorean triples. Scroll down to read how, but first here’s today’s puzzle:

779 Puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 10-factors-2016

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And now some Pythagorean triple number theory using 779 as an example:

The factors of 779 are very well hidden in five Pythagorean triples that contain the number 779. Here’s how: 779 has two factor pairs:  19 x 41 and 1 x 779. Those factor pairs show up in some way in each of the calculations for these 779 containing Pythagorean triples:

  1. 171-760-779 which is 19 times each number in 9-40-41.
  2. 779-303420-303421, a primitive calculated from 779(1); (779² – 1²)/2; (779² + 1²)/2.
  3. 779-7380-7421 which is 41 times each number in 19-180-181.
  4. 779-15960-15979 which is 19 times each number in 41-840-841.
  5. 660-779-1021, a primitive calculated from (41² – 19²)/2; 19(41); (41² + 19²)/2.

Being able to find whole numbers that satisfy the equation a² + b² = c² is one reason why finding factors of a number is so worth it. ANY factor pair for numbers greater than 2 will produce at least one Pythagorean triple that satisfies a² + b² = c². The more factor pairs a number has, the more Pythagorean triples will exist that contain that number. 779 has only two factor pairs so there are a modest number of 779 containing Pythagorean triples. All of its factors are odd so it was quite easy to find all of the triples. Here’s a brief explanation on how each triple was found:

  1. 799 has one prime factor that has a remainder of 1 when divided by 4. That prime factor, 41, is therefore the hypotenuse of a primitive Pythagorean triple. When the Pythagorean triple is multiplied by the other half of 41’s factor pair, 19, we get a Pythagorean triple in which 779 is the hypotenuse.
  2. Every odd number greater than 1 is the short leg of a primitive Pythagorean triple. To find that primitive for a different odd number, simply substitute the desired odd number in the calculation in place of 779.
  3. Because every odd number greater than 1 is the short leg of a primitive Pythagorean triple, 19(1); (19² – 1²)/2; (19² + 1²)/2 generates the primitive triple (19-180-181). Multiplying each number in that triple by the other half of 19‘s factor pair, 41, produces a triple with 779 as the short leg.
  4. Because every odd number greater than 1 is the short leg of a primitive Pythagorean triple, 41(1); (41² – 1²)/2; (41² + 1²)/2 generates the primitive triple (41-840-841). Multiplying each number in that triple by the other half of 41‘s factor pair, 19, produces a triple with 779 as the short leg.
  5. Since factor pair 19 and 41 have no common prime factors, the formula (41² – 19²)/2; 19(41); (41² + 19²)/2 produces another primitive triple 660-779-1021. If they did have common factors, the factor pair would still produce a triple, but it would not be a primitive one.

Here’s some other interesting facts about the number 779:

779 is the sum of eleven consecutive prime numbers:

47 + 53 + 59 + 61 + 67 + 71 + 73 + 79 + 83 + 89 + 97 = 779.

779 can also be written as the sum of three squares six different ways:

  • 27² + 7² + 1² = 779
  • 27² + 5² + 5² = 779
  • 23² + 15² + 5² = 779
  • 23² + 13² + 9² = 779
  • 21² + 17² + 7² = 779
  • 21² + 13² + 13² = 779

Finally, the table below shows some logical steps that could be used to solve Puzzle #779:

779-logic

 

 

 

778 and Level 4

/ ivasallay / 1 Comment
  • 778 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 778 = 2 x 389
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1 and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 x 2 = 4. Therefore 778 has exactly 4 factors.
  • Factors of 778: 1, 2, 389, 778
  • Factor pairs: 778 = 1 x 778 or 2 x 389
  • 778 has no square factors that allow its square root to be simplified. √778 ≈ 27.892651.

778-factor-pairs

Here’s today’s puzzle. Hints for solving it are in a table at the end of the post.

 

778 Puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 10-factors-2016

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OEIS.org informs us that 778 is the number of ways  a 1 x 5 rectangle can be surrounded by other 1 x 5 rectangles. I’m not going to publish or even find all 778 possible ways, but here is one of them:

778 Surround

27² + 7² = 778.

We can use those numbers to compute a Pythagorean triple: 2(27)(7), 27² – 7², 27² + 7², which turns out to be 378-680-778, and thus 378² + 680² = 778².

778 is also the sum of three squares three different ways:

  • 25² + 12² + 3² = 778
  • 24² + 11² + 9² = 778
  • 21² + 16² + 9² = 778

778 is palindrome 1G1 BASE 21 (G is 16 base 10)

That palindrome means that 1(21²) + 16(21) + 1(1) = 778.

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778 Logic

How Lucky Can 777 Be?

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 777 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 777 = 3 x 7 x 37
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, 1, and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8. Therefore 777 has exactly 8 factors.
  • Factors of 777: 1, 3, 7, 21, 37, 111, 259, 777
  • Factor pairs: 777 = 1 x 777, 3 x 259, 7 x 111, or 21 x 37
  • 777 has no square factors that allow its square root to be simplified. √777 ≈ 27.8747197.

777-factor-pairs

Some people think that 7 is a lucky number. If that is true, then 777 should be even luckier.

Some numbers are lucky enough to be included in Multiplication Rhymes.ppt – mathval, a fun power point that helps students learn 12 multiplication facts, including these three that use Lucky Numbers:

  • 3 & 7 are always lucky numbers; 3 x 3 = 9 lives of a cat.
  • 3 & 7 are always lucky numbers; 3 x 7 = 21 lucky age.
  • 3 & 7 are always lucky numbers; 7 x 7 = 49er Gold Miner.

In Number Theory Lucky Numbers are actually defined and can be generated using a sieve somewhat similar to the prime number generating Sieve of Eratosthenes. There is an infinite number of Lucky Numbers, and yes, 3, 7, 9, 21, 49, and 777 all make the list.

Oeis.org’s wiki, Lucky numbers, includes several lucky number lists including the first 33 composite Lucky Numbers thus defined because ALL of their factors are also Lucky Numbers. 777 was the 19th number on that particular list because ALL of its factors, 1, 3, 7, 21, 37, 111, 259, 777 are Lucky Numbers, too!

If that isn’t lucky enough, 777 is a repdigit in three different bases.

  • 3333 BASE 6; note that 3(6^3) + 3(6^2) + 3(6^1) + 3(6^0) = 777
  • 777 BASE 10; note that 7(100) + 7(10) + 7(1) = 777
  • LL BASE 36 (L is 21 base 10); note that 21(36) + 21(1) = 777

Did you notice that lucky numbers 3, 7, and 21 showed  up again? I liked that coincidence so much that I made this graphic:

777 Repdigit

777 is also the sum of three squares four different ways:

  • 26² + 10² + 1² = 777
  • 22² + 17² + 2² = 777
  • 20² + 19² + 4² = 777
  • 20² + 16² + 11² = 777

 

776 and Level 3

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 776 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 776 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 97, which can be written 776 = (2^3) x 97
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 3 and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (3 + 1)(1 + 1) = 4 x 2 = 8. Therefore 776 has exactly 8 factors.
  • Factors of 776: 1, 2, 4, 8, 97, 194, 388, 776
  • Factor pairs: 776 = 1 x 776, 2 x 388, 4 x 194, or 8 x 97
  • Taking the factor pair with the largest square number factor, we get √776 = (√4)(√194) = 2√194 ≈ 27.85677655

776-factor-pairs

Try solving today’s puzzle:

776 Puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 10-factors-2016

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Here’s more about the number 776:

776 is the sum of two squares: 26² + 10² =776.

776 is the hypotenuse of Pythagorean triple 520-576-776 so 520² + 576² = 776².

776 is also the sum of three squares five different ways:

  • 26² + 8² + 6² = 776
  • 24² + 14² + 2² = 776
  • 24² + 10² + 10² = 776
  • 22² + 16² + 6² = 776
  • 18² + 16² + 14² = 776

776 is a palindrome in three other bases:

  • 646 BASE 11; note that 6(121) + 4(11) + 6(1) = 776
  • 272 BASE 18; note that 2(18²) + 7(18) + 2(1) = 776
  • 161 BASE 25; note that 1(25²) + 6(25) + 1(1) = 776

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776 Factors

775 and Level 2

/ ivasallay / Leave a comment
  • 775 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 775 = 5 x 5 x 31, which can be written 775 = (5^2) x 31
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 2 and 1. Adding one to each and multiplying we get (2 + 1)(1 + 1) = 3 x 2  = 6. Therefore 775 has exactly 6 factors.
  • Factors of 775: 1, 5, 25, 31, 155, 775
  • Factor pairs: 775 = 1 x 775, 5 x 155, or 25 x 31
  • Taking the factor pair with the largest square number factor, we get √775 = (√25)(√31) = 5√31 ≈ 27.83882181.

775-factor-pairs

Here’s today’s factoring puzzle:

775 Puzzle

Print the puzzles or type the solution on this excel file: 10-factors-2016

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Here is more about the number 775:

775 is part of several Pythagorean triples including two that are primitive:

  • 168-775-793 (Primitive)
  • 775-1860-2015
  • 775-9672-9703
  • 775-12000-12025
  • 775-300312-300313 (Primitive)

775 is palindrome PP in BASE 30 (P = 25 base 10). Note that 25(30) +25(1) = 775.

775 is also the sum of three triangular numbers 9 different ways:

  1. 3+276+ 496
  2. 6+28+741
  3. 6+66+703
  4. 10+300+465
  5. 15-325-435
  6. 36+36+703
  7. 78+136+561
  8. 171+253+351
  9. 120+190+465

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775 Factors