1395 and Level 2

1391 is the 22nd Friedman number, and there are TWO reasons why!

See! Factoring numbers can be such an exciting adventure! Can you find the factors for this puzzle?

Print the puzzles or type the solution in this excel file: 12 Factors 1389-1403\

Here’s more about the number 1395:

  • 1395 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1395 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 31, which can be written 1395 = 3² × 5 × 31
  • 1395 has at least one exponent greater than 1 in its prime factorization so √1395 can be simplified. Taking the factor pair from the factor pair table below with the largest square number factor, we get √1395 = (√9)(√155) = 3√155
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 2, 1, and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (2 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 3 × 2 × 2 = 12. Therefore 1395 has exactly 12 factors.
  • The factors of 1395 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

You can see the reasons 1395 is the 22nd Friedman numbers in these factor pairs:
15 × 93 = 1395
45 × 31 = 5×9×31 = 1395, that one uses the digits in reverse order!

1395 is also the hypotenuse of a Pythagorean triple:
837-1116-1395 which is (3-4-5) times 279

 

1394 and Level 2

The factors and most of the products are missing from this multiplication table, and the ones that are there aren’t in there usual places. Can you figure out where everything goes?

Print the puzzles or type the solution in this excel file: 12 Factors 1389-1403

Now I’ll write a little bit about the puzzle number, 1394:

  • 1394 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1394 = 2 × 17 × 41
  • 1394 has no exponents greater than 1 in its prime factorization, so √1394 cannot be simplified.
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, 1, and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. Therefore 1394 has exactly 8 factors.
  • The factors of 1394 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

1394 is the hypotenuse of FOUR Pythagorean triples:
306-1360-1394 which is (9-40-41) times 34
370-1344-1394 which is 2 times (185-672-697)
656-1230-1394 which is (8-15-17) times 82
910-1056-1394 which is 2 times (455-528-697)

1393 DNA Shared Matches

Ancestry.com gave my husband a list of his 50 top matches of DNA from their database. For each match they found, I could click on a button that would reveal any matches that my husband shared with that match. Some of his matches didn’t share any other match with him. Sometimes a couple of their shared matches didn’t make his list of top 50 matches. I made a table of his shared matches. It was pretty big so I made a smaller table that only includes people in his top 50 who have at least one shared match with him AND a second or third cousin.

I purposely cut off people’s names for privacy reasons, but anyone who shares DNA with my husband and the others in the table should still be able to figure out who’s who.

Ancestry explains that a 2nd cousin could actually be a great aunt or a 1st cousin twice removed. The 2nd cousin would have 5 to 6 degrees of separation from my husband, a 3rd cousin would have 6 to 10 degrees of separation, and a 4th cousin would have 6 to 12 degrees of separation, but most likely 10.

DNA does NOT “share and share alike”. Every person gets half of his DNA from his mother and a half from his father, but the half given from each parent can vary from child to child. I noticed that some of my husband’s matches might be siblings with the same surname, but their shared matches were not always the same. Thus, it can definitely be worth it to have more than one family member take the DNA test.

I made this chart to see if it could help me determine who might be my husband’s maternal cousins versus his paternal cousins. I don’t think I completely succeeded. The same DNA might not be the DNA in shared matches. For example, ab, bc, and ac each share a letter of the alphabet with each other, but it is not the same letter of the alphabet. Since both sides of my husband’s family had many siblings and cousins and settled in the Cleveland, Ohio area 100 years ago or more, it seems possible that some of his relatives listed on the chart are actually related to BOTH his father and his mother, but more distantly than 4th cousin on either side.

A positive from making the chart is that I have verified that all the people with x’s in the lower right corner are closely related to each other. The chart says they are also all related to Benjam, but none of them have any idea how.

Like so much of genealogy research, one answer will produce more questions. It becomes such a fascinating puzzle!

Since this is my 1393rd post, I’ll write a little bit about that number:

  • 1393 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1393 = 7 × 199
  • 1393 has no exponents greater than 1 in its prime factorization, so √1393 cannot be simplified.
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 × 2 = 4. Therefore 1393 has exactly 4 factors.
  • The factors of 1393 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

Since both of its factor pairs have odd numbers in it, I know that 1393 can be written as the difference of two squares in two ways:
697² – 696² = 1393
103² – 96² = 1393

 

DNA and Big Brother

When my husband was a little baby, his dad filled out the genealogy section in his baby book in his beautiful, distinct handwriting:

Even though most of the pages are blank, my husband has always cherished that book, and it has been extremely helpful in finding many other of his ancestors.

From additional research, we have learned that my husband’s grandfather, Frank Kovach, was born Kovács Ferenc in Szürte, Ung County, Hungary. That little town has had several border changes and is now part of Ukraine, but still only about eight miles from the Hungarian border. You can see a map showing the location of Szürte in a post I wrote a couple of years ago. Ferenc (Frank) was born 13 June 1883 to Kovács Péter and Péntek Mária – that’s their names in Hungarian name order. The baby book gives their names in English name order. My husband remembers his grandfather, Frank, vividly. He died 10 June 1968 in Ontario, San Bernardino, California.

Many years ago when I tried to figure out Frank’s place of birth, I found three other people whose parents had the same names as his parents. Could they be Frank’s siblings? Could the two boys be his big brothers? (You will need to be logged into FamilySearch.org and Ancestry.com to see most of the links I’ve included in this post.)

  1. Julia Kovach (Kovács Juliánna) was born 12 Apr 1882 in Hungary (both of her parents were born in Ung County, Hungary!). She died 15 Jun 1940 in Cleveland, Ohio. Maybe Frank was also born in Ung County, I excitedly thought! Several years later I found a death record for one of Frank’s sons that gave the specific town in Ung county where Frank was born. Still years after that I found Frank’s petition for naturalization also confirming it.
  2. Steven Kovach (Kovács István) was born about 1874 in Hungary. He married Julia Csengeri on 22 Sept 1901 in New York.

    He MAY have died seventeen years later on 11 Dec 1918 in Union, Washington, Pennsylvania, but buried in Cleveland, Ohio.  The father on that death certificate was Pete Kovacs and the mother was Mary Pantik. The certificate says he is married, but there was no place to write his wife’s name on it. The informant was Steve Kovach, which just happens to be Frank’s sister’s (Julia Kovach) husband’s name, so his brother-in-law might have actually been the informant. Julia and Steve lived in Cleveland, and the deceased, Steve, was buried in Cleveland even though he died in Pennsylvania.
  3. John Kovacs (Kovács János) was born 23 Jan 1870 in Hungary. He died 29 Oct 1943 in Cleveland. To fully appreciate the information for John, we need to look at his and his wife’s death certificates side by side.

Notice that the address for both John and Veronica is 9012 Cumberland, so that helps to establish that they were husband and wife even though the spellings of their last names are not exactly the same. This is important since there were MANY men named John Kovach in Cleveland. The couple’s shared tombstone confirms the dates given above. On Veronica’s death certificate, her father is listed as John Daniels and the informant is Dale Kovats. Further research establishes that Dale is John and Veronica’s son, and the 1940 census shows Dale and his wife, Rose at the bottom of the page, and their daughter and some of Rose’s relatives on the top of the next page. Dale is the key to this puzzle because Dale has a descendant who is a 3rd to 4th cousin DNA match to my husband! That means that John Kovacs is indeed Frank’s big brother, and I am in tears as I am finally able to positively make that statement.

Ancestry.com explains “Our analysis of your DNA predicts that this person you match with is probably your third cousin. The exact relationship however could vary. It could be a second cousin once removed, or perhaps a fourth cousin. While there may be some statistical variation in our prediction, it’s likely to be a third cousin type of relationship—which are separated by eight degrees or eight people. However, the relationship could range from six to ten degrees of separation.” (bold print added)

My husband, Steven, and this DNA match are separated by seven degrees.

Was big brother John also born in Szürte? It seems likely, but he may have also been born about 3 miles away in Kholmetz where a 4th-6th cousin DNA shared match traces her ancestry. If only I could get into the Szürte Reformed Church records and Kholmetz records to look for a Kovács János (John Kovacs) born on 23 Jan 1870 as well as the records for the others and certainly a few more siblings as well!

 

1392 and Pythagorean Triples

1392 is the hypotenuse of ONE Pythagorean triple, 960-1008-1392.

However, 1392 is the leg of so many Pythagorean triples, that it is possible I haven’t listed them all in this graphic:


Why is it the hypotenuse only once, but it is a leg so many times?

Because of its factors!

  • 1392 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1392 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 29, which can be written 1392 = 2⁴ × 3 × 29
  • 1392 has at least one exponent greater than 1 in its prime factorization so √1392 can be simplified. Taking the factor pair from the factor pair table below with the largest square number factor, we get √1392 = (√16)(√87) = 4√87
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 4, 1 and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (4 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 5 × 2 × 2 = 20. Therefore 1392 has exactly 20 factors.
  • The factors of 1392 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

1392 has only one prime factor that leaves a remainder of one when it is divided by four. That factor is 29. It makes 960-1008-1392 simply (20-21-29) times 48. Easy Peasy.

ONE of the reasons it is a leg so many times is because several of its factors are in primitive Pythagorean triples, and multiplying those triples by that factor’s factor pair gives us a triple with 1392 as a leg:

  • (3-4-5) times 464 is (1392-1856-2320)
  • (3-4-5) times 348 is (1044-1392-1740)
  • (8-15-17) times 174 is (1392-2610-2958)
  • (5-12-13) times 116
  • (12-35-37) times 116, and so on

Another reason is every Pythagorean triple can be written in this form 2ab, a²-b², a²+b², and 1392 = 2(696)(1) or 2(348)(2) or 2(232)(3) or 2(174)(4) and so on.

The last reason is that since 1392 has six factor pairs in which both factors are even, it can be written as a²-b²: (The average of the two numbers in the factor pair gives us the first number to be squared. Subtract the second number from it to get the second number to be squared.)

  • 696 and 2 give us 349² – 347² = 1392
  • 348 and 4 give us 176² – 172² = 1392
  • 232 and 6 give us 119² – 113² = 1392
  • 174 and 8 give us 91² – 83² = 1392
  • 116 and 12 give us 64² – 52² = 1392
  • 58 and 24 give us 41² – 17² = 1392

Some of the triples can be found by more than one of the processes listed above. It can be very confusing to keep track of them all. That is why I usually only write when a number is the hypotenuse of a triple and not when it is a leg.

 

 

1391 and Level 1

Many of the clues in this puzzle have double digits. If you know why they do, then you can find all the factors and solve this puzzle!

Print the puzzles or type the solution in this excel file: 12 Factors 1389-1403

Here’s some information about the number 1391:

  • 1391 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1391 = 13 × 107
  • 1391 has no exponents greater than 1 in its prime factorization, so √1391 cannot be simplified.
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 × 2 = 4. Therefore 1391 has exactly 4 factors.
  • The factors of 1391 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

1391 is the hypotenuse of a Pythagorean triple:
535-1284-1391 which is (5-12-13) times 107

1390 Find the Factors (ax±b)(cx±d)

I liked making a puzzle using trinomials earlier today. This one will take more skill to solve even though it contains fewer trinomials. Some of the factors will have negative numbers, and the leading coefficients of the trinomials are not 1.

In this puzzle, you can see the number 24 twice. It needs to be factored to solve the puzzle. It might be 3 × 8 or 4 × 6, but it can’t be 1 × 24 or 2 × 12 because for this puzzle ALL of the factors of 24 have to be non-zero integers from -10 to +10.

Print the puzzles or type the solution in this excel file: 12 Factors 1389-1403

Every factor must appear once in the first column and once in the top row. So if you put 2x + 5 in the top row, you will also have to put 2x + 5 somewhere in the first column as well.

Sometimes all of the terms in the trinomial have a common factor and can, therefore, be factored further, but don’t worry about that right now.

You will have to find all of the factors in the puzzle before you can figure out what the missing clue should be. That’s about all the mystery I can put in a puzzle like this. Good luck with it!

Since this is different than any other puzzle I’ve ever published, you can see the solution here:

Now I’ll share some information about the number 1390:

  • 1390 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1390 = 2 × 5 × 139
  • 1390 has no exponents greater than 1 in its prime factorization, so √1390 cannot be simplified.
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, 1, and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8. Therefore 1390 has exactly 8 factors.
  • The factors of 1390 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

1390 is the hypotenuse of a Pythagorean triple:
834-1112-1390 which is (3-4-5) times 278

1390 is 102345 in BASE 6 making it the smallest number to use all the digits less than 6 in base 6. Thank you OEIS.org for that reminder.

1389 Positive Trinomial Puzzle

Today on Twitter, Mr. Allen requested some good problem-solving resources for quadratics. He made up one himself.

I decided to make one as well. It is similar to my other Find the Factors puzzles. You will have to use logic to solve it, but in many ways, it will be easier to solve than most of my regular puzzles. Like always, there is only one solution.

Print the puzzles or type the solution in this excel file: 12 Factors 1389-1403

Every term is positive so if you already know how to factor trinomials it should be relatively easy to solve. All the factors from (x + 1) to (x + 9) need to appear exactly one time in both the first column and the top row of the puzzle.  Once all the factors are found, the puzzle is solved, but you can find all the products of those factors and write them in the body of the puzzle if you want.

Since this is my 1389th post, here’s a little bit about that number:

  • 1389 is a composite number.
  • Prime factorization: 1389 = 3 × 463
  • 1389 has no exponents greater than 1 in its prime factorization, so √1389 cannot be simplified.
  • The exponents in the prime factorization are 1, and 1. Adding one to each exponent and multiplying we get (1 + 1)(1 + 1) = 2 × 2 = 4. Therefore 1389 has exactly 4 factors.
  • The factors of 1389 are outlined with their factor pair partners in the graphic below.

1389 is the difference of two squares in two different ways:
695² – 694² = 1389
233² – 230² = 1389